<aside> ❤️🔥 Disclaimer: This document is started by Maggie Wang from Zypher Network, with collective efforts from our cryptographers & devs, to describe the differences between our ZKP-based solutions and smart-contract-driven frameworks provided by prevalent and widely recognized FOCG solutions like MUD. We show our full respect to all those projects that are collectively pushing the frontier of FOCG and bringing it closer to adoption through user education, demo games, workshops, and AAA title partners. Zypher is still small but would love to join this initiative and bring FOCG beyond the AW narratives.
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| MUD | Dojo | World | Zytron | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Project | Lattice | Cartridge | Argus | Zypher |
| Year Developed | 2022 | 2023 | 2023 | 2023 |
| VM Compatibility | EVM | Cairo VM | EVM | RISC-V & EVM & WASM |
| Architecture | Tables (Store) & ECS | ECS | ECS | Tables (Store) & ECS (Modules) |
| Provability | No, non-native | Yes, native (ZKP) | No, non-native | Yes, native (ZKP) |
| Languages | Solidity | Cairo, Rust, WASM | GO | Rust, Solidity, WASM |
| Client Stack Support | React, Phaser, Godot, Unreal, Unity | React, Bevy Engine, Unity & Unreal | Phaser, Unity, Unreal | React, Bevy Engine, Unity & Unreal |
| Open Source | Yes | Yes | Committed | Yes |
| Ecosystem / Games | OPCraft, Sky Strife, Primodium, Words3, Battle for Blockchain, Aether Sands, etc. | Realms.World:Loot Survivor, Influence, Roll Your Own and Briq. Below, etc. | Dark Frontier | zBingo, z2048, Crypto Rumble, zAce, Minecraft, Divine Cataclysm, Murder Mystery, etc. |
| Game Chain | Redstone (OP Stack) | Katana (local Starknet node) | N/A | Zytron (Sovereign Rollup) |
MUD is a framework for ambitious onchain applications. It reduces the complexity of building Ethereum(opens in a new tab) apps with a tightly integrated software stack. https://mud.dev/introduction
Dojo is a replicate of MUD framework on StarkNet.
We have fundamental differences from MUD. MUD (& Dojo) are frameworks designed to enhance the developer experience for web2 developers on existing blockchain platforms for different VM systems. They can enhance the development process for developers but do not address the inherent limitations of blockchain, such as speed and gas fees. As a result, they do not improve the gaming experience for players.
Our approach is based on the principle of “off-chain computation and on-chain verification”, improving both the developer and player experiences. For players, through the ZK SDKs we help existing games overcome current blockchain performance bottlenecks (e.g. the need for privacy, throughput, etc.). We also standardize these SDKs to allow developers to engage in fully on-chain game development with minimal code changes, without needing to write smart contracts or understand ZK technology.
Sky Strife v.s. Zemeroth (turn based RTS Game)
Sky Strife is a PVP real-time strategy game (RTS) developed by Lattice, powered by MUD framework. Built within months. Zemeroth is a PvE-PVP real-time strategy game built by Zypher, as a demo for its Risc Zero & z4 framework. Built within 1 week.
Differences in the back-end leads to diferences in Game UX:
Sky Strife: